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ADHD and Anxiety Medication People suffering from ADHD frequently suffer from co-occurring anxiety disorders. Anxiety can trigger restlessness, sleep disturbance and irritability. Stimulant medication can help alleviate symptoms, but it can also cause side-effects like tics, or minor growth reductions in children and adolescents. In addition, some individuals find their anxiety worsens when taking stimulant medications. Stimulants Stimulants can be used to treat ADHD and Narcolepsy. They are also popular among recreational drug users as stimulants and performance-enhancing substances because of their ability to increase energy, alertness and focus. They are available in the form of tablets, capsules or chunky crystals. They are also available as a white or brown dust. In large doses, they can cause excessive stimulation, which can cause anxiety and panic, stomach cramps, aggression and paranoia. Long-term stimulant use can result in addiction and serious side effects like heart problems high pressure, stroke and heart attacks. These medicines have also been shown to reduce anxiety symptoms. They work by increasing brain chemicals like norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin. They are less in ADHD patients. This improves communication and activity between brain regions that regulate attention and executive function. This leads to improved impulse control, and anxiety symptoms are reduced. Both atomoxetine (as as well as methylphenidate) reduce anxiety symptoms in adults with ADHD who also suffer from anxiety disorders. Anxiety symptom improvement was seen from the fourth week of treatment for both medications, and the benefit was sustained through 8 weeks of treatment. It is important to keep in mind that the kind of medication that is most effective for treating anxiety and ADHD co-occurring symptoms could depend on which condition has the greatest impact on the quality of life of a person. For instance, someone might be prone to frequent anxiety-inducing episodes on a regular basis while they rush to make appointments or try to keep track of work or school. They can be extremely distressing and might cause them to be anxious on more of a frequently than the symptoms of a particular anxiety or panic attack. In these situations, it might be best to address the anxiety-related symptoms by taking antidepressants or SSRIs that have been proven to be effective in reducing anxiety levels in adults. These are usually taken orally and may take a little longer to take effect, but the most common options include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like Sertraline and Fluoxetine, and serotonin and norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) like venlafaxine and duloxetine. These drugs can be used in conjunction with cognitive-behavioral treatment for anxiety. They are especially beneficial if a patient has a racing or elevated heart rate. SSRIs SSRIs which are antidepressant drugs are commonly used to treat anxiety disorders. Prozac is the first drug of this class is fluoxetine. The SSRIs are also effective in treating obsessive compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic disorder. These medications are more adaptable and have less side negative effects than the older generation of antidepressants. The SSRIs hinder the reuptake of serotonin at synapses. This causes the neurotransmitter in the synapse and to signal the post synaptic cell more than would be the case otherwise. This can increase the production of norepinephrine, which can reduce anxiety. This may also increase levels of neuronal cyclicAMP (cAMP), stimulating protein synthesis. SSRIs also reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity. They can also improve sleep quality and decrease agitation in people suffering from ADHD. These drugs can, however, increase the risk of suicidal behaviour and thoughts among some people. They may also cause an increase in appetite and weight gain, especially when they are first started. The SNRIs are a distinct type of antidepressant compared to SSRIs. SNRIs block the reuptake both of serotonin as well as norepinephrine. They also have an impact on anxiety. They can improve the function of the blood vessels and the heart muscle. This may reduce feelings of anxiety and stress. People who suffer from bipolar disorder may benefit from their use. Duloxetine (Cymbalta) and venlafaxine (Effexor XR, Pristiq) and desvenlafaxine are the most commonly used SNRIs. The SNRIs can increase blood pressure in some people, so they are not recommended for those suffering from high blood pressure or heart disease. There are medication for add adults of behavioral treatments for anxiety and ADHD that can be used in addition to medication. Mindfulness practices can be helpful in reducing anxiety and stress, as can practicing yoga and meditation. Some people find that tapping specific body parts or techniques for emotional freedom, helps lower cortisol which is the hormone responsible for anxiety. Diet and exercise can also reduce anxiety. Your doctor can suggest eating a diet that is based on whole grains, fruits and vegetables and avoiding sugar, which can worsen anxiety in certain ADHD adults and children. Non-stimulant-based drugs Although stimulants are highly effective in treating ADHD, and have been extensively researched but they are not the best choice for those who suffer from anxiety or ADHD. These medications can trigger adverse effects such as jitteriness, rapid heart rate and nervousness that could mimic or even worsen symptoms of anxiety. Since 2002, non-stimulant drugs are being used to treat ADHD (under the brand name Strattera). They do not cause an increase in blood pressure or heart rate and are less likely to suffer anxiety-related adverse effects like shaking, sweating or nervousness. Atomoxetine is a drug that targets receptors for norepinephrine, which is a brain chemical that can improve attention and reduce the impulsivity and hyperactivity. It has also been proven to improve anxiety symptoms among adolescents and children with ADHD. Researchers gathered clinical papers from PubMed EMBASE PsycINFO and PsycINFO to determine if atomoxetine reduced anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD. Bupropion is another medication that can help with anxiety symptoms. It targets the brain chemical, dopamine. Bupropion is usually recommended for those suffering from co-occurring depression and ADHD. It can also improve mood and decrease symptoms of anxiety. It is usually best to treat the anxiety first before tackling ADHD. This will usually make the anxiety symptoms disappear. In some cases anxiety symptoms in ADHD children can be the source of their anxiety. The most effective treatment for anxiety in these circumstances is usually cognitive-behavioral therapy as well as psychostimulants. These treatments can reduce ADHD symptoms and anxiety by addressing the root cause of the issue. Antidepressants can also be prescribed to those who have ADHD and anxiety. SSRI antidepressants that target Serotonin, the chemical in the brain that is thought to help relieve anxiety symptoms and improve mood. Examples include Zoloft Lexapro, and Sertraline. In the end, the decision on which medication is right for you will be decided by your physician. They will take a look at your symptoms, lifestyle, age and other health issues before suggesting any medication. It is crucial to discuss with your doctor your treatment goals and to stick to a daily routine when taking any medication. Other options Based on your specific health goals, there are other treatment options that can be helpful for managing ADHD and anxiety. These include mindfulness meditation, yoga (Emotional Freedom techniques) tapping, sleep nutrition, exercise and healthy eating habits. People who are anxious are more likely to experience symptoms of ADHD, Dr. Hallowell says, which makes it difficult to treat both disorders at once. He usually prescribes stimulants first to treat ADHD before turning to non-stimulant drugs like bupropion, atomoxetine or guanfacine for anxiety disorders. These medications are used throughout the day and are not controlled substances like stimulants.